Heartburn

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Heartburn?

Heartburn is a burning sensation behind the breastbone.
Pharmacist

The pain may rise in your chest and spread to your neck or throat.

If you have heartburn very often, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).




Man with heartburn

Before we continue, let's rule out emergency situations.

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A little background

A band of muscle at the end of your esophagus called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) closes off the esophagus after food and water leaves it and goes into the stomach.

If the LES does not close tightly enough, contents from the stomach such as food, liquid, and stomach acid can come back up (reflux) into the esophagus. This partly digested material can irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.

FYI Continue

 

 

 

Heartburn

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How serious is it?

Symptoms of a heart attack can be mistaken for a heartburn.
Pharmacist

Let's not assume anything and rule that out first.

 

Right now, does it feel like a tight band around the chest?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?

 

 

Does it feel like something heavy sitting on your chest?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Hmmm. Not looking good. Continue and see what you may be looking at.
Pharmacist

 

What about squeezing or tightness of the chest area?
Pharmacist

Yes No

 

 

 

 

Heartburn

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heart attack?

Yes?
This is a symptom of a heart attack coming on.
Pharmacist

Let's be sure you are not looking at a heart attack.

Be ready to call 911 if symptoms get worse. Be sure to consider the next questions carefully.

 

Do you have pain in one or both arms?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Chances you are looking at a heart attack increasing. Except if the pain is familiar to you.
Pharmacist

 

Do you have pain in the neck or jaw?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Chances you are looking at a heart attack increasing. Except if the pain is familiar to you.
Pharmacist

 

What about pain between the shoulder blades?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Chances you are looking at a heart attack increasing. Except if the pain is familiar to you.
Pharmacist

 

Are you experiencing shortness of breath as we speak?
Pharmacist

 

Call 911 or seek emergency room.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Possible heart attack coming on.

Seek urgent care

Note:
We do not advice continuing. You should only continue if you are not experiencing the question asked.

If this is the case, tap  to start over.


Call 911 ER

 

 

In addition to this chest pain or burning, are you sweating for no reason?

Did you break out in sweat?
Pharmacist

 

Emergency!
Call 911.
Pharmacist

Ambulance

Here is why:

  • Possible heart attack going on.
  • While calling 911, unlock the door or create access to where you are in case you pass out.

Note:
We do not advice continuing. You should only continue if you are not experiencing the question asked.

If this is the case, tap  to start over.


Call 911 ER

 

 

With this chest or burning pain are you feeling lightheaded and dizzy?
Pharmacist

 

 

Do you feel your heart is beating too fast?

Pounding?
Pharmacist

 

Call 911 or seek Emergency Room.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Need to rule out a heart attack going on.

Seek urgent care

Note:
We do not advice continuing. You should only continue if you are not experiencing the question asked.

If this is the case, tap  to start over.


Nearest Clinic ER

 

 

What about feeling anxiety, like you are about to die?
Pharmacist

 

Call 911 or seek Emergency Room.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Possibility of a heart attack likely.

Seek urgent care

Note:
We do not advice continuing. You should only continue if you are not experiencing the question asked.

If this is the case, tap  to start over.


Nearest Clinic ER

 

 


Some symptoms of a heart attack can be mistaken for symptoms of a heartburn.
Pharmacist

If you are feeling any of these symptoms in your chest area right now:

  • Like a tight band around the chest
  • Like something heavy sitting on the chest
  • Squeezing or tightness of the chest area

Consider this a medical emergency. These are warning signs of a heart attack.

If not and you have honestly answered the questions so far, then let's continue

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Heartburn

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Need a doctor?


Some cases of heartburn require urgent care.
Pharmacist

Others can be taken care of with over-the-counter medications.

Let's determine how bad it is and make the right decision.

 

Do you have blood in the stool or seen blood in your stool lately?
Pharmacist

 

Seek urgent care or call your doctor.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Possible stomach/intestinal bleeding

Nearest Clinic

 

Are you vomiting blood?

Or something like coffee grounds?
Pharmacist

 

Seek urgent care or emergency room.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • First priority is to stop the bleeding.
  • Then the cause will need to be figured out.
  • There are many reasons of vomiting blood.

Nearest Clinic

 

Are your stools black like tar?

Or maroon colored?
Pharmacist

 

Seek urgent care or emergency room.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Need to see the cause of the bleeding.

Nearest Clinic

 

Does it feel like food is stuck in the throat as it goes down?

Or you have difficulty swallowing?
Pharmacist

 

Seek urgent care or call the doctor.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Your condition is worse than you can imagine.

Nearest Clinic

 

Have you lost weight that you didn't want to lose lately?
Pharmacist

 

Seek urgent care or call the doctor.
Pharmacist

Nearest Clinic

 

Have you been using (over 2 weeks), any of the medications listed below?
Pharmacist
  • Mylanta, Maalox (or store brands)
  • Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac (or store brands)
  • Prilosec, Prevacid, Zegerid (or store brands)

 

Seek urgent care or call the doctor.
Pharmacist

Here is why:

  • Need complete evaluation if no relief so far.

Nearest Clinic

 

Alright
We will assume a minor case of heartburn moving forward.
Pharmacist

Let's take a look at the symptoms of a heartburn and be sure this is the case.

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Heartburn

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Is it heartburn?

Are you looking at a burning pain that starts in the chest or breastbone...

...and moves up toward the throat?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Heartburn can cause this.
Pharmacist

This is because the acid from the stomach flows backward (refluxes), irritating the delicate lining of the esophagus.

 

Any acidic or bitter taste in the mouth especially at the back of the throat?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This is a sign of heartburn.
Pharmacist

This is more likely when you lay down.

The acid may move up towards the mouth especially if you did not use a pillow to prop your head up.

 

Any feeling that food is trying to come back into the throat?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This can be a symptom of a heartburn.
Pharmacist

Symptoms include:

  • Burning pain in the chest or breastbone.
  • Burning pain that may move upward to the throat
  • Acidic or bitter taste in the back of the throat
  • Feeling that food is coming back into the throat

 

Does the pain come after you eat food?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?

 

Does the severity of the pain increase when you lie down?

Or bend over?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This can be a sign and symptom of a heartburn.
Pharmacist

Symptoms include:

  • Burning pain in the chest or breastbone.
  • Burning pain that may move upward to the throat
  • Acidic or bitter taste in the back of the throat
  • Feeling that food is coming back into the throat
  • Pain after meals
  • Increase severity of the pain when lying down or bending over.

 

What about feeling bloated, belching?

Or a feeling of indigestion?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
Too much acid in the stomach can cause this.
Pharmacist

 

Any coughing especially at night?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This is a sign of heartburn.
Pharmacist

This is due to the leaked (refluxed) acid irritating the windpipe.

 

Do you have a feeling of a lump in the throat?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This can be due to a heartburn.
Pharmacist

Symptoms include:

  • Burning pain in the chest or breastbone.
  • Burning pain that may move upward to the throat
  • Acidic or bitter taste in the back of the throat
  • Feeling that food is coming back into the throat
  • Pain after meals
  • Increase severity of the pain when lying down or bending over.
  • Indigestion, belching
  • Night time cough
  • Lumpy feeling in the throat.

 


Those were signs and symptoms of heartburn.
Pharmacist

If you think you are looking at a heartburn, let's continue and figure out what triggers it.

Knowing this would go a long way towards providing relief.

If you can manage the triggers, then you would spend less money on over-the-counter medications. They can add up pretty quick.

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Heartburn

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What caused it?

Let's use the criteria listed below to find answers that can help.
Pharmacist

What is it, that is:

  • Increasing the amount of acid produced in the stomach?

  • Making the esophagus more sensitive to stomach acid?

  • Causing the valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to not function properly?

  • Increasing the pressure in the stomach leading to regurgitation?

Well, you've got the thinking process cut out for you. Let's get started.

 

Yes

 

Are you a fan of most of the food types listed below?
Pharmacist

Things like:

  • Chocolate
  • Citrus fruits and drinks
  • Tomatoes and tomatoes-based products
  • Spearmint, Peppermint
  • Raw onions, Garlic.

 

Yes?
You would have to stay away from these.
Pharmacist

These can make the stomach acid more irritating should it makes its way back to the esophagus.

 

Are you into fatty or oily greasy foods?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
You will have to cut down on these as much as possible.
Pharmacist

Here is why?

Both the greasy, fatty foods you ate and the acid your body produced to break them down will remain in the stomach for a longer time.

The acid will have a greater chance of moving back up (refluxing) into the esophagus.

 

Still on food. Do you eat large meals at a time?

Or smaller meals more frequently?
Pharmacist

 

Large meals?
Cutting down to frequent smaller meals may help.
Pharmacist

The stomach responds to large volume meals with large amounts of acid. More acid means a greater chance of acid reflux.

Remember, you have to reduce the chance of the stomach producing more acid than is needed.

 

Do you normally finish eating your last meal of the day...

...at least 2 to 3 hours before going to bed?
Pharmacist

 

No?
Try eating the last meal of the day at least 2 to 3 hrs before bedtime.
Pharmacist

This will give your food and the increased acid level a good chance to clear before you lay down.

This reduces the amount of acid that will likely reflux to cause heartburn.

Also, try sucking on a hard candy after you eat to stimulate more saliva that will help neutralize the acid that may have backed up when the esophagus valve opened.

 

Are you currently taking any medications?
Pharmacist

Not including medications for heartburn.

Yes No

 

 

 

 

Heartburn

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caused by medication?

Let's take a look at medications and see which can cause heartburn.
Pharmacist

 

Are you taking any of the medications listed below?
Pharmacist

Medications like:

  • Beta blockers (atenolol, propranolol)
  • Calcium-channel blockers (diltiazem, nifedipine).
  • Alpha blockers (prazosin)
  • Nitrates (isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin)
  • Anticholinergics (e.g., for sea sickness).

 

Yes?
These can increase the risk of developing heartburn.
Pharmacist

They can relax the LES and increase reflux of stomach acid and juices into the esophagus. This can lead to heartburn.

 

What about the medications listed below?
Pharmacist

Talking about:

  • NSAIDS (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, meloxicam)
  • COX-2 inhibitors (celebrex®)
  • Theophylline.

 

Yes?
These can cause or worsen heartburn.
Pharmacist

They irritate the stomach lining causing more acid to be produced and making the stomach more susceptible to the effect of the acid.

 

Are you taking any of the ones listed below?
Pharmacist

Medications like:

  • Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, temazepam)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)

 

Yes?
These can relax the LES, causing acid reflux.
Pharmacist

There is a strong link between heartburn during sleep and taking a benzodiazepine medication.

 

Do you take fosamax®, Boniva® or Actonel® ?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
These can injure the lining of the esophagus.
Pharmacist

You must drink a full glass of water with every dose and avoid lying down for 30 to 60 minutes afterward. Take this seriously.

 


Narcotic pain relievers like morphine, meperidine, oxycodone. Are you taking those?
Pharmacist

Or are you taking pain medications with hydrocodone?

 

Yes?
These can worsen or cause heartburn or stomach upset at the very least.
Pharmacist

Take these only when needed for pain.

 

There are other medications that can cause heartburn.
Pharmacist

If you just started taking a new medication and you are experiencing heartburn, check with the pharmacist and see if this is a side effect of the medication.

The goal is not to stop taking the medication but to know what you are dealing with.

Let's continue and check other things out.

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Heartburn

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Do you do these?

Do you smoke cigarettes, cigars or pipes?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
You will have to stop this. No way around it.
Pharmacist

Smoking weakens the LES, stimulate acid production and inhibit saliva production which is supposed to help protect the esophagus against the effect of stomach acid.

You will have to choose between smoking and serious heartburn pain. It is going to get progressively worse.

 

Do you chew gum often without food in the stomach?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
You may have to put it off till after eating.
Pharmacist

Chewing gum in an empty stomach may stimulate acid production in the stomach through a conditioned reflex action.

The stomach is used to expecting something when your mouth is moving or chewing. It produces acid and digestive juices in anticipation, but nothing shows up. You don't need this extra acid or digestive juices irritating your stomach.

In the same token, chewing gum for 30 minutes after eating a meal can help relieve heartburn.

 

Would you consider yourself overweight?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
This can put extra pressure on the stomach causing acid reflux.
Pharmacist

 

When exercising, do you do a lot of sit-ups?
Pharmacist

 

Yes?
May have to cut this down.
Pharmacist

Sit-ups may increase the risk of acid reflux. Depends on how bad the heartburn is, you may have to do exercises that minimize pressure to the abdomen.

 


Those were heartburn triggers to avoid.
Pharmacist

Well, let's see what a pharmacist recommend for heartburn relief that is available over-the-counter.

Or would you like to see the nearest urgent care clinic to you if you think that is what you need?

Urgent Care Continue